Which age group is most commonly affected by rheumatic fever?

Rheumatic fever is most commonly seen in children aged 5 to 15 years. This age group is particularly susceptible due to the prevalence of streptococcal infections, especially pharyngitis (strep throat), which can lead to rheumatic fever if left untreated. The immune response to the streptococcus bacteria can lead to a number of complications affecting the heart, joints, skin, and nervous system.

In this age range, the risk of streptococcal infections is higher following respiratory infections, and the resulting complications can prompt inflammatory responses leading to the development of rheumatic fever. The condition tends to be less common in very young children, as their immune systems are still developing, and in adults, as they generally have had previous exposures to infections and possible immunity well established.