Which beta-blocker has both alpha and beta-blocking properties?

Carvedilol is a unique beta-blocker that possesses both alpha-1 and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking properties, making it effective in conditions such as heart failure and hypertension. The dual action enhances its efficacy in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiac output.

Unlike other beta-blockers, which primarily target beta-adrenergic receptors to decrease heart rate and myocardial contractility, carvedilol's additional action on alpha-1 receptors leads to vasodilation. This results in reduced vascular resistance and further enhances its antihypertensive effect.

The other beta-blockers listed, such as atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol, do not have this alpha-blocking capability. Atenolol and metoprolol primarily block beta-1 receptors, which are largely located in the heart, while propranolol blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors but lacks the alpha-blocking properties. Therefore, carvedilol stands out for its multifunctional approach, making it particularly beneficial in managing specific cardiovascular conditions.